Electric signaling system



S. B. HESS.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEM. APP'LICATION FILED SEPT. 19. 1916.

1 35 1 ,422. Pat nted Aug. 31, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Fig.1

WIITNESS S. B. HESS.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19. 1916.

1 g 3 5 1 422 Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- 8. B. HESS.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I9, 1916.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

WITNESS ?m4 m2:

NIIFP T SIMON IB. HESS, OF JAMAICA, NEW YORK.

PATENT o1=1=1cE.-f

nnncrmo SIGNALING SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SIMON B. HESS, a

citizen of the United States, residing at localized territory, factorybuildings and the like.

Systems of this class are designed primarily to provide means forsoundmg an alarm or a plurality of alarms upon the occurrence of apredetermined circumstance;

for example, an alarm or a plurality of alarms, of fire, sent from anyone of a plurality of stations and giving warning signals at one desiredpoint or at a plurality ofdesired points in a building or the like, soas to warnthe occupants of the existence of a fire to the end that theymay make escape,

or for the purpose of training the occupants of the building as to themost expeditious means of making their exit in case of fire or othercatastrophe, or for the purpose of calling a fire brigade to quarters,&c. In locations where suitable direct current electric service isavailable, energy for the operationof the alarm system may be obtainedtherefrom, the energy for t e operation of the trouble bell beingobtained from a battery.

In locations where the electric service furnishes alternating current,or where there is no available service, current for the opera' tion ofthe' alarm system as well as the trouble bell may be obtained fromsuitable primary or secondary batteries.

In locations where a suitable and reliable three-wire direct currentservice is available, energy for the operation of the alarm system maybe obtained from one slde of the three-Wire system, while energy for theoperation of the trouble bell may be obtained from the other side of thesame system.

It is a primary object of this invent on to provide a system of theclass described, in which a single electromagnetic device is employed tosupervise the circuit, to produce a variety of dissimilar troublesignals upon the occurrence of a fault or faults in the specification'ofLetters Patent. Patented Aug. 3 1, 1920, Application filed- September19, 1916. Serial No. 121,036.

rality of alarms upon the operation of a signal transmitting device.

It is another object of this invention to provide a system in whichthere will be in cluded means for producing upon a single s gnalreceiving device characteristioall dissimilar slgnals, to indicatevarious di erent faults as they occur, such for example as a "break orground in the station loop, a ground in the bell loop, or a break in thebell loop.

It 1s a further object of this invention to provide a signaling systemincluding a large number of signal receiving and signal transm1 tt1ngdevices, supervised in a series circult, so arranged, that upon theopening of the station loop or the operation of a transmitting device,the receiving devices will become connected directly to the source'ofcurrent supply, and, upon the closing of the circuit, the transmittingdevices will be momentarily connected directly to said source ofcurren'tsupply in series with an electromagnetic device and immediately}thereafter in series with the signal receivlng devices, all to the endthat the system may be effectively operated by a single electromagneticdevice.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a resistance solocated in the system, that upon the occurrence of a ground upon thebell loop, this resistance will be interposed between the point ofcontact and the source of energy so as to protect the equipment from theharmful effect of high It is a further object of this invention toprovide a system with a resistance, so located as to be adapted to beincluded in the circuit upon the reclosing of the station loop, therebycutting down the current in the station loop, so that, upon there-opening of the circuit at the transmitting device, sparking atthe'point of current interruption will be effectively avoided.

It is an object of this invention to provide a system wherein there iseliminated the probability of destruction or harmful M. F. may beemployed without sparking at points of current interru tion.

Objects and aims of t is invention more or less broad than those statedabove, to-

ether with their inherent advantages, will he in part obvious and inpart specifically referred to in the course of the following descriptionof the elements, combinations of means, arrangements of parts, andapplications of principles constituting this invention, and the scope ofprotection contemplated will appear from the claims. .I attain theseobjects and aims in the present embodiment by means of the circuits,devices, apparatus, resistances and sources of current supplyillustrated in the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as apart of these specifications, and constitute a diagrammatic disclosureof the said emj bodiment.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows an application of thisinvention to a system in which energy for the operation of the alarm aswell as the trouble bell is obtained from primary batteries; Fig. 2shows a modification of a portion oiFig. 1; Fig.3

shows an application of this invention to a system in which energy forthe operation of the alarm is obtained from a direct current electricservice, energy for the operation ofthe trouble bell being obtained froma battery; 4 shows a modification of a portion of ,ig. 3; and Fig. 5shows an application of this invention to a system in. which energy forthe operation of the alarm is ob tained from one side of a three-wiresystem and energy for the operation of the trouble bell is obtained fromthe other side of the same system.

Referring to Fig. 1, 11 is a battery,.one terminal of which is connectedto junction 12, and the other terminal of which is connected throughfuse 13 to junction 14. 32 is an electromagnet, the armature of which isarranged to so manipulate contact levers 23 and 25 that when thearmature is in attracted position contact lever 23 touches contact point22, the other contacts being open, and when the armature is in retractedposition point 22' (conductor 39) touches point 21, lever 23 touchespoint 24, and lever 25 touches point 26.. A trouble bell 27 is arrangedto be operated by trouble battery 28 when lever 25 touches point 26. Ais an ammeter to indicate the flow of current in the normally closedcircuit. A signaling station is diagrammatically represented by thebreak wheel 36 arranged to operate the signaling levers 34, 35. Othersimilar stations are indicated by the rectangles 38, 38, 38. 40represents a single stroke bell.-

Under normal conditions magnet 32 is energized to attract its armature,the following closed circuit being established ammeter A, conductor 30,conductor 18,

unction 12, to upper terminal of battery 11. he winding of magnet 32 isso related to that of the magnets of the bells 40 that the currentpassing through the circuit just described is sufficient to cause magnet32 to efi'ectively attract its armature while the bell magnets areunable even to retain their armatures in attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 36 tooperate its signaling levers 34 and '35 and the-consequent breaking ofthe normal closed circult, magnet 32 will release its armature to movecontact levers 23 and 25 to establish the following three circuits :-(1)from junction 14, through conductor 19, the bells 40 in parallel,conductor 29, lever 23, point 24, to conductor 18; (2) from junction 14,

through conductor 20, point 21, conductor 39, stations 38, conductor 37,to signaling lever 35 of the operated station, to signaling lever 34thereat (now open here), conductor 33, magnet 32, conductor 31, ammeterA, conductor 30, to conductor 18; (3) from right hand terminal'oftrouble battery 28,

to trouble bell 27, point 26, lever 25, to left hand terminal of battery28.

It will be seen that in /circuit 1) the bell loop is now connected tothe terminals of the battery 11 with no intervening resistance exceptthat of the line conductors. The bell magnets are so constructed andarranged that their armatures are now effectively attracted to sound astroke of the signal. The closing of circuit (3) causes the ringing ofthe trouble bell, which continues as long as the armature of ma et 32remains in its retracted position. en circuit (2) is closed by signalinglevers 34 and 35, magnet 32 attracts its armature and reestablishes thenormal closed circuit. movement of breakwheel 36 this operation will berepeated, every interruption of the circuit at the signaling levers 34and 35 causing the sounding of a stroke of the alarm upon the bells 40.

In case of a break in the station loop magnet 32 will be deenergized,causing a single stroke upon the bells 40 and continuous ringing of thetrouble bell 27. In the case of a break in the bell loop, magnet 32 willbe denergized as before, causing the ringing of the trouble bell 27but'as the magnet 32 will be renergized upon the closing of circuit (2)from conductor 20 to conductor 39, its armature will move toattracted'position, resulting in an interrupted ringing of the troublebell.

Upon furtherupon conductor 19 of the bell loop magnet 32 will beshunted, causing continuous ringing of the trouble bell 27. In case of aground on conductor 29 of the bell loop a stroke will be sounded uponthe bells 40 and magnet 32 will be shunted as before, causing theringing of the trouble bell, but as the magnet will be reenergized uponthe closing of circuit (2) from conductor 20 to conductor 39, itsarmature will move to attracted position, resulting in interruptedringing of the trouble bell. In case of a ground on any part of thestation loop magnet 32 will be shunted as before, causing a singlestroke upon the bells 40 and continuous ringing of the trouble bell 27In case there is a small amount of resistance in the circuit through theaccidental ground, the fuse 13 will, operate to protect the battery fromexhaustion. When the ringing of the trouble bell is responded to, theswitch 16 may be opened and the fuse replaced, thus putting the alarmsystem into operative condition, and the ground on the system may thenbe located and removed.

As magnet 32 will naturally fail more slowly when its circuit is shuntedby a ground than when its circuit is opened by a break, the differencein the frequency of the interrupted ringing of the trouble bell providesa means of differentiating between a ground and a break.

Fi 2 shows another method for connecting t e'bell loop of Fig. 1, theconductors 19 and 29 being substituted for the conductors 19 and 29,respectively, of Fig. 1, and the bells (represented by the referencecharacters 40, 40) being connected in series. In Fig. 2, as in Fig. 1,the bell magnet armatures will not be moved to, or retained in,attracted position by the current passing through the normal closedcircuit,

- but when the bell loop is connected dir'ectly to the battery upon theopening of the circuit at a station and the consequent retraction of thearmature of magnet 32, thebell magnet armatures will be moved toattracted position. In Fig. 2, upon the movement of the armature ofmagnet 32 to attracted position when the circuit is closed at a stationthe stroke of the alarm will be sounded. While as shown, bell 40 is adirect acting ta per, it is evident that an electromechanica gong orother device arranged to sound upon the retraction of its armature couldbe substituted therefor.

In case of a break in the station loop magnet 32 will be deenergized,causin continuous ringing of the trouble bell 2 but no stroke upon thebells 40*. Operation in the case of a break in the bell loop is the sameas in Fig. 1.

Operation in case of a ground. upon the bellloop depends upon thelocation of the ground with referenceto the bells 40. In

any case magnet 32 will be shunted, causing the ringing of thetrouble-bell. If there is sufficient resistance in the ground path,magnet 32 will be renergized upon the closing v I of circuit (2) fromconductor 20 to conductor 39, and its armature will move to attractedposition, resulting in interrupted ringing of the trouble bell. In caseof a ground on any part of the station loop magnet 32 will be shunted,causing contlnuous ringing of the trouble bell. 1

Referring to Fig. 3, E. represents an electrlc generator connected tothe main's45 and 46, main 46 being grounded at 17. The I armature ofelectromagnet 32 is arranged to so manipulate contact levers 47, 23 and25 that when the armature is in attracted posit1on contact, point 48touches contact point 22 (conductor 39), the other contacts being open,and when the armature is in retracted position lever 47 touches point22, lever 23 touches point 24," and lever 25 touches point 26. Undernormal conditions magnet 32 is energized to attract its armature,the-following closed circuit being established from main 45 through fuse13, junction 14, conductor l9of the bell-loop, the bells 40 in series,conductor 29 of the bell loop,

junction 43, resistance 42, point 48, conductor 39 of the station loop,stations 38, signaling levers 35 and 34, conductor 33 of the stationloop, magnet 32, conductor 31, conductor 18, fuse 13 to main 46. TheWind-- ing'of magnet 32 is so related to that of the magnets of thebells 40 that the current passingthrough the circuit just described issufiicient to cause magnet 32 to effectively attract its armature whilethe bell magnets are unable even to retain their armatures in attractedposition. While magnet 32 is itself a comparatively high resistancemagnet, resistance 42 in series therewith assists in securing a minimumvalue for the normal current flow after the armature of magnet 32' hasbeen moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station, contact levers 47, 23, and 25 move toestablish the following three circuits :(1) from junction 14, throughconductor 19,the bells 40 in series, conductor 29, junction 43,conductor 44, lever 23, point 24, to conductor 18; (2) from junction 14,through conductor 20, resistance 41 therein, lever .47, point 22,

conductor 39, stations 38, conductor 37, to

signaling lever 35 ofthe operated station, signaling lever 34 thereat(now open here),

conductor 33, magnet 32, conductor 31, to

the bell loop'directly to the terminals of the source of energy, as-inFig. 1. j The bell magnets are so constructed and arranged intended forastandard current strength ance may be inserted in either or both conareused, it is evidentthat the number of them which should be connected inany bell loop depends upon the voltage of thejsupply circuit. If thenumber of bells required for any particular installation is not as evento retam their armatures in attracted great 'as the number correspondingto the supply voltage available a balancing resistductors 19 and 29 ofthe [bell loop. When circuit (2) is closed by signaling levers 34.

a and 35, magnet 32 attracts its armature and will be noticed thatresistance 41 is included reestablishes the normal closed circuit. It.

in circuit (2). This resistance may be made approximately equal to'resistance'42, or if desired, may be omitted,- thus permitting the flowof an .increased amount of current through magnet 32 when its armatureis retracted. and its magnetic reluctance is greatest.

Operation in case of a break is the same as in Fig. 1.

' Operation in case .of a ground uponthe bell loop depends upon thelocation ofthe ground With reference to the bells 40. A stroke will besounded upon all bells located in the bell loop between junction 14 andthe accidental ground, and magnet 32' will be 3 shunted, thus causingthe ringing of the v trouble bell. If there is suflicient resistance inthe ground path, magnet 32' will be reenergized upon the closing ofcircuit (2) from conductor 20 to conductor 39, and its armature willmove to attracted position,

' resulting in interrupted ringing of the condition.

trouble. bell. If the ground circuit is of low enough resistance, fuse'13 will operate to, disconnect the system. As-the ground 17 is a.permanent connection, the accidental ground must be removed before thesystem can be permanently restored to operative Operation in case of aground on any part of the station loop is the same as in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 4, the armature of electromagnet 32 is arranged to somanipulate contact levers 50, 52, 23, and 25 that when thearmature is inattracted position contact lever 50 touclies contact point 49, the othercontacts being open, and when the armature is in retracted position,lever 50 touches point 51, lever 52 touches point 53, lever 23 touchespoint 24, and lever 25 touches point 26.'

Under normal conditions magnet 32 is energized to attract its armature,the following closed circuit being established :from

main 45 through fuse 1 3, junction 14, resistance 42, conductor 19 ofthe bell loo the bells 40 in series, conductor'29 .of 't ebell loop,point-49, -lever 50, conductor 39 of thestation loop, stations 38,signaling levers 35 and 34, conductor 33 of the station loop, magnet 32,conductor 31, conductor 18, fuse 13, to mam 46. The winding :of

magnet 32 is so related to that of'the magnets ofthe bells 40 that thecurrent passing through the-circuit just .described is sufl'icient.

to cause magnet 32' to effectively attract its armature while the bellmagnets are unable p'osition- While magnet 32 is itself a com:

- par'atively high resistance magnet, resistance 42 in series therewithassists in securing a minimum'value for the normal current flow afterthe armature of magnet 32 has been moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station, contact 4 levers 50, 52, 23, and 25move 'to establish the following three circuits :(1) from junction 14,through lever 52, contact 53, conductor 19, the bells 40 in series,conductor 29, lever 23, point 24, to conductor 18; (2) from junction 14,through conductor 20, resistance 41 therein, point 51, lever 50,conductor 39, stations 38, conductor 37, to

signaling lever 35 of the operated station,

signaling lever 34 thereat (now open here), conductor 33, magnet 32,conductor 31, to

conductor 18; (3) the circuit of trouble bell- 27, as in Fig. 1.

It will be seen that circuit (1) connects the bell loop directly to theterminals of the source of energy, as in Fig. 1, the circuit be-Operation in case of'a ground upon the" bell loop depends upon. thelocation of the ground with reference to the bells 40. In any casemagnet 32 will be shunted, causing the ringing of the trouble bell, andthe sounding of a stroke upon all bells located in the bell loop betweenjunction '14 and the accidental ground. If there is suflicientresistance in the ground path, magnet 32 will be reenergized .upon theclosing of circuit (2) from conductor 20 to conductor 39, and itsarmature will move to attracted position, resulting in interruptedringing of the trouble bell and a succession of strokes upon the alarmbells located between junction 14 and the accidental ground. In case ofa ground on any part of the station loop magnet 32 will be shunted asbefore, causing a stroke to be sounded upon the bells I bell.

- net 32 is arranged to so manipulate contact It will be seen that, asthe result of the occurrence of a ground on the bell loop, the

shunting'of resistance 42 in series with the ground will not becontinuous, but will be mtermlttent. Hence for a considerable portion ofthe time the current through the. I ground circuit will bevery.slightand the gongs located in the ground path will beonly momentarilysubjected to heavy cur-. rent.

station, signaling lever 34 thereat (now open here), conductor33,'magnet 32, conductor 31, toconductor 18; (3)- from main 45 throu hfuse 13", resistance 55, trouble bell 27 po1nt 26, lever .25, to main46.

It will be seen that circuits (1)- and (1) connect the bell loopsdirectly to the'terminals of the source "of energy E, cont-act levers 52and 23 controlling the double break as in Fig. 4; v If the bells 40 areof Referring. to Fig. 5, E represents an elec-\the type used in Figs. 3and 4, it is evident tric generator connected to the mains 45 and 46,and E represents an electric generatorconnected to the mains 46 and 45,main..46

being grounded at 17. The mains 45, .46 and. 45 are intendedto indicatethe three feed wires of any typical, three-wire direct cur-,

rent system. The armature of electromag-' levers 50, 52, 23-and thatwhen the armature is in attracted position contact lever 50 touchescontact point 49, the other contacts being open, and when the armature.is in retracted position, lever 50 touches point 51,

:23 touches lever 52 touches points 53 and 54, lever point' 24, andlever 25vtouches point 26. I

Under normal conditions magnet 32 is energized to attract its armature,the following closed circuit being established :fi'om main 45 throughfuse 13, junction 14, resistance 42, conductor 19 of the first bellloop, the bells 40 in series therein, conductor 29 of the second bellloop, the bells 40 in series therein, point 49, lever 50, conductor 39of the station 100p, stations 38, signaling levers 35 and 34, conductor33 of the station loop, magnet 32, conductor 31-, conductor 18, fuse 13to main 46. The winding of magnet 32 is so related to that of themagnets of the bells 40 that the current passing through the circuitjust described is sufliclent to cause magnet 32 to effectively attractits armaturewhile'the bell magnets are unable even to retain theirarmatures in attracted posltion. While magnet 32 is itself acomparatively high resistance magnet, resistance 42 in-- bell loopdepends upon the location of-the ground with reference to the bells 40in the series therewith assists in securing aminimum value for thenormal current flow after the armature of magnet 32 has been moved thebells 40 in the second bell loop in series,

conductor 29 lever 23, point 24, to conductor 18 from junctlon 14,through conductor 20, resistance 41 therein, point 51,

that twice as many may be controlled from the one magnet 32. The twobell loops may remain separated all the way back to the lever 23,lnstea-d of being connected jointly by the conductor 29, as shown. Whenthis 1s done. all of the exposed wiring will be under'test.

' It will] also be seen that circuit (3) connects the trouble bell 27 inseries with re sistance 55 to the terminals of the source of energy E.The resistance '55 may be used, as shown, to decrease the currentthrough the trouble bell- 27, or a high resistance trouble bell may beused if desired. By

magnet 32 will be deenergized, causing a single stroke upon the bells 40and continuous ringing of thetrouble bell 27. In case of a break ineither bell loop, magnet 32 will be deenergized as before, causing theringing of the trouble bell and the sounding of V a stroke upon. allbells 40 inthe unbroken loop, but as the magnet 32 will be de'elnergizedupon the closing of circuit (2) from 'conductor 20 to conductor 39, itsarmature will move to attracted position, resulting inin the unbrokenloop.

Operation in case of a ground upon either int ' interrupted ringing ofthe trouble bell and a succession of strokes upon the alarm bellsgrounded loop. In any case magnet 32 will be shunted, causing theringing of the trouble bell, and the sounding of a stroke upon all bellsim the nongrounded loop and upon all bells located inthe grounded loopbetween junction 14 and the accidental gized upon the closing of circuit(2) from conductor 20 to conductor 39, and its'armature will move toattracted position, result ing in interrupted ringing of the troublebell and a succession of strokes upon all alarm bells in thenongroundedloop and the ground. If there is suflicient resistance in v the groundpath, magnet 32 will be rener-- no t alarm bells located inthe groundedloop be- 1 tween junction 14 and the accidental ground.

In case of' a ground on any part of the station loopmagnet 32 will beshunted as before, causing a Stroke to be sounded upon the bells40 inboth bell loops and continuous ringing of the trouble bell.

Inasmuch as many changes could be made matter contained in the abovedescription or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpretedas illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the language used in the followingclaims is intended to cover all the generic and specific features of theinvention herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention which, as a matter of language, might be said to falltherebetween.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis l.-An electric signaling system comprising.a source of energy, a bellloop, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, and meanscontrolled by said magnet upon energization thereof for connecting saidloops and said resistance in series with each other and to the source ofenergy and upon deenergization thereof for short-circuiting saidresistance and for connecting said loop in parallel with each other andto the source of energy.

2. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, a bellloop, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereoffor connecting said loops and said resistance in series with each otherand to the source of energy and upon deenergization thereof forshort-circuiting said resistance and for connecting said loops inparallel with each other and to the source of energy and actuating saidtrouble signal.

3. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, a bellloop, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereoffor connecting said loops and said resistance in series with each otherand to the source of energy and upon deenergization thereof forshort-circuiting, said resistance, connecting said trouble signal to thesource of energy, and for connecting said'loops in parallel with eachother and to the source of energy.

4:. A11 electric signalingsystem comprising a source of energy, two bellloops, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, and meanscontrolled by said magnet upon energization thereof for connecting saidloops and said resistance in series with each other and to the source ofenergy and upon deenergization thereof for shortcircuiting saidresistance and for connecting said loops in parallel with each other andto the source of energy.

5. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, two bellloops, a resistance, .a station loop, an electromagnet therein, atrouble signal, and means ,controlled by said magnet upon energizationthereof for connecting said loops and said resistance in series witheach other and to the source of energy and upon deenergization thereoffor short-circuiting said resistance' and for connecting said loops inparallel with each other and to the source of energy and actuating saidtrouble signal.

6. 11 electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, two bellloops, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereof forconnecting said loops and said resistance in series with each other andto the source of energy and upon deenergizati'on thereof forshort-circuiting said resistance, connecting said trouble signal to thesource of energy, and for connecting said loops in parallel with eachother and to the source of energy.

7. An electric signaling systemcomprising a source of energy, a bellloop, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, an open shunt acrosssaid bell loop, and means controlled. by said electromagnet upondenergization thereof for connecting said shunt and said station loop inseries With each other and to the source of energy.

8. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, a bellloop, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereoffor connecting said loops and said resist- 110 v ance in series witheach other and to the source of energy and upon the occurrence of abreak in the station loop or a break in the bell loop for actuating saidtrouble signal to produce different trouble indications 115 and upondenergization of said magnet for short-circuiting said resistance andfor connecting said loops in parallel with each other and to the sourceof energy'and actuating said trouble signal.

9. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, a bellloop, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereof125 for connecting said loops and said resistance in series with eachother and to the source of energy and upon the occurrence of a break inthe station loop ora break 'in the bell loop for actuating said troublesignal 130 to produce different trouble indications and upondeenergization of said magnet for short-circuiting said resistance,connecting said trouble. signal to the source of energy, and forconnecting said loops in parallel with each other and to the source ofenergy.

10. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, two bellloops, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereoffor connecting said loops and said resistance in series with each otherand to the source of energy and upon the occurrence of a break in thestation loop or a break in the bell loop for actuating said troublesignal to produce difi'erent trouble indications and upon deenergizationof said magnet for short-circuiting said resistance and for connectingsaid loops in parallel with each other and to the source of energy andactuating said trouble signal.

ll. An electric signaling system comprising a source of energy, two bellloops, a resistance, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, a troublesignal, and means controlled by said magnet upon energization thereofforconnecting resistance in series with each other and to the source ofenergy and upon the occurrence of a break in the station loop or a breakin the'bell loop for actuating said trouble signal to produce differenttrouble indications and upon denergization of said magnet forshort-circuiting said resistance, connecting said trouble signal to thesource of energy, and for connecting said loops in parallel with eachother and to the source of energy.

said loops and said- 12. Anelectric signaling system comprising a sourceof energy, a bell loop, a station loop, an electromagnet therein, anopen shunt across said bell loop, a resistance in said open shunt, andmeans controlled by said electromagnet upon deenergization thereof forconnecting said shunt and said .station loop in series with each otherand to thesource of energy.

13. An electric system comprising a bell loop,'a station loop, anormally grounded source of energy therefor, an electromagnet connectedat one end of said station loop adjacent to the grounded terminal ofthethe bell loop or a break in the bel loop for actuating said troublesignal to produce different trouble indications and upon deenergizationof said magnet for short-circuiting said resistance and for connectingsaid loops in parallel with each other'and to the source of energy andactuating said trouble signal. Signed at New- York in the county of NewYork and State of ew York, this 18th day of September, AID. 1916.

SIMON B. HESS.

